Smallpox and Different Vaccines free essay sample

Are vaccinations likely to do more harm than good? The risks of common vaccines often exceed their benefits. There are real dangers to vaccines and some parents often feel they have to lie to avoid vaccination of their children. In the world today there are thousands, even millions of different vaccines created on a daily basis. The main function of a vaccination is to build our immune system, allowing it to work against different types of bacteria. Instead of helping us fight against disease and certain infections, it seems the vaccines are actually the leading cause to the disease. Scientists lessen the amount of the disease in the vaccine making it harder to become sick or in other words, obtain the disease. For individuals with little to no immune systems it is still very easy for the vaccine to trigger an infection. This is why children, babies in particular, become very ill sometimes fatal when receiving vaccinations. We will write a custom essay sample on Smallpox and Different Vaccines or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Vaccines started back in the ancient times. Edward Jenner, the father of immunology, was the first to ever record a vaccination. Jenner was born on May 17, 1794. At age 5 Edward was orphaned and went to live with his older brother. He developed a strong interest in science and nature during his early school years, which he never let go of. When Jenner was 13 he job shadowed a country surgeon. During his time there Jenner heard a dairymaid say, I shall never have smallpox for I have had cowpox. It was a common belief that dairymaids were in some way protected from smallpox. Jenner developed the first vaccine called the small pox vaccine. He discovered by exposing an individual to cowpox bacteria the body could produce its own protection from the disease once it is exposed. The vaccine became very popular, parents were even fighting for their children to be vaccinated. However, this did not last all that long. Out breaks of small pox began to occur leading to a worldwide banning of the procedure. Small pox is a disease caused by the variola major virus. Experts say that over the centuries it has killed more people than all other ineffectual diseases combined. In the 1800s small pox broke out in Germany. Over one million people had the disease and 120,000 died. Of those people, 96% of them had been vaccinated, and only 4% had not received any type of vaccination. (NBCI) Under the federal vaccine injury compensation program (VCIP), more than 2. 5 billion has been paid to vaccine injured individuals, as well as to families, whose children have died after vaccination in the U. S. A young girl at the age of 15, Jenny Tetlock developed a degenerative muscle disease soon after being vaccinated against the cervical-cancer-causing HPV. Jenny became almost completely paralyzed. Her father Phil Tetlock and mother Barbara Mellers were racing against time to save their daughters life. Sadly time ran out, and Jenny passed away. (CDC) Two other young girls, 22 year old Whitney Baird and 12 year old Alicia Olund developed ALS after being injected with Gardasil. ALS is a disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord. Whitney died a short 13 months after receiving Gardasil. Alicia began having trouble walking after receiving her third shot. She now uses leg braces and a walker at home as her muscles continue to deteriate. Turns out, warnings concerning these vaccines have been raised before. (CDC) Different vaccines contain different ingredients. These ingredients include, lab altered live or inactivated viruses and bacteria, chemicals, metals, proteins, antibiotics and human, animal and insect DNA and RNA. The worst ingredient by far in vaccines is thermisol. Thermisol is a mercury-containing preservative used in some vaccines. Mercury is a metal that builds up in human bodies over time. These small amounts of mercury (thermisol) accumulate and can eventually lead to mercury poisoning, which can be fatal. Today’s vaccines not only contain live versions of the disease you do not want but also contain GMOS, hormones from infected cows, pigs, chickens, and monkeys. A few ingredients in vaccines also include: gelatin, sodium chloride, formaldehyde, phenoxyethanol, and MSG. Gelatin derived from the inside of animals skin and bones. Sodium Chloride raises blood pressure and inhibits muscle contraction and growth. Formaldehyde is a highly carcinogenic fluid used to embalm corpses. It is ranked one of the most hazardous compounds to human health. Formaldehyde can cause liver damage, gastrointestinal issues, reproductive deformation, respiratory distress and cancer. Phenoxyethanol is a glycol ether/chemical. It is highly toxic to the nervous system such as your kidneys and liver. The FDA warns can cause shut down of the central nervous system, and vomiting. Last but not least we have MSG. Monosodium glutamate (MSG), when injected becomes a neurotoxin causing CNS disorders and brain damage in children. (NVIC) In my very own opinion I do not agree to vaccinations. Injecting my child with a harmful disease is not something I agree upon. Why give yourself, or your children a deathly disease you do not want! Studies have proven more children die from being vaccinated due to bad reactions, or misuse of vaccine. Why put yourself or loved ones at risk when you really do not have to. Society needs to take the situation seriously when deciding whether to fund animal models that claim to be able to predict human responds to drugs and disease. It is more important parents become educated and knowledgeable about immunizations so that they can make an informed choice rather than be manipulated.

Drugs in America essays

Drugs in America essays Illegal drugs have found their way into the heart of American society. They can be found in almost any city or town in the US. They are being used by young, old, rich, and poor people alike. There are many different types of drugs out there and they all seem to have different effects on the user, different prices and quantities, and they all seem to have a different way to get into America. A drug that has recently burst onto the scene at an alarming rate is MDMA. Also known as ecstasy, E, X, and Adam this drug creates a feeling of euphoria and is described by users as making them feel good. This drug is usually associated with rave parties, which are all night dance parties usually held in a warehouse or other large buildings. In the early 90s the drug began to become popular in Europe and over the past five years it has come to America with a blazing force. During the late 60s a drug very similar to MDMA was being sold on the streets, MDA, ecstasies first form was a drug that created an easily controlled feeling of euphoria. MDMA is made in a laboratory by altering the existing synthetic drug MDA. Ecstasy is a powder often taken in the form of a pill or capsule, it may also be snorted. Most MDMA is produced in Europe, mainly Belgium and the Netherlands. The drug is also produced on a smaller scale in the US, Canada and Mexico. On average it costs about $.2 5-$.50 to produce and MDMA pill. Which leaves an incredible profit margin because most consumers will pay $20 for 1 pill. The most common transit points for the drug are Canada and Mexico. Exploiting the use of loose and open boarders between Canada and the US has made the drug easy to smuggle into our country, making it easy to find and very plentiful. The US government has had increased success in seizing the drug. In 1997 approximately 400,000 pills were seized, whereas in 2000 around 90 million tablets were seized. The main reason f...

Banana Yoshimoto comparative essay

Banana Yoshimoto effectively portrays various common themes and motifs in both â€Å"Helix† and â€Å"Newlywed†, in revealing the subconscious state of mind of the respective protagonists. Although the storylines are quite different, we get the feeling that many themes and strategies such as isolation, incredible poetic effect, and the recurring use of a helper figure used to develop the characters, are relatively interchangeable. These literary patterns allow for the protagonists to both escape the shallowness that plagues them, and bring to light the deeper meaning behind their subconscious (now conscious) struggles, especially those relating to their true feelings for their personal companions. Isolation is a recurring theme that is a catalyst for the subconscious state causing the climactic epiphanies within the protagonists of both stories. This is comparably portrayed through the blatant representation of shallow urban relationships. In â€Å"Helix†, we witness this theme of shallowness through the personal thoughts of the protagonist at the beginning of the story. In a moment of reflection, the protagonist exclaims, I feel as if my heart will stop beating, because once I know that much about a woman, it can never work out between us. (Helix, 651) Alluding to his lover, this theme of shallowness is difficult to ignore as the narrator is transparently portraying his ability to write off a relationship on incredibly superficial grounds. In â€Å"Newlywed† however, Banana uses the same approach in order to portray this theme of isolation, yet goes to quite an extreme to illustrate her character’s subconscious thoughts. The transformation from bum to beauty is a symbolic element of the story, and is supposed to confuse both the narrator and the reader at first, but it soon becomes clear that there is a deeper philosophical meaning to this odd occurrence. This bizarre intervention, in what seemed to be quite an ordinary context, rapidly changes the pacing and evolution of the story itself. At first, the narrator is unsure of himself, which ultimately leads the reader to question the reliability of his story: â€Å"I tried convincing myself that this was nothing more than a drunken nightmare. That’s what it was, an ugly duckling dream, a transformation from bum to beauty.† (Newlywed, 5) The isolation that surrounds the protagonists of Newlywed and Helix both physically and emotionally is what ultimately leads to the epiphanies that expose the underlying feelings towards their companions. Whether it is an empty train cabin, or the deserted city of Tokyo, Yoshimoto definitely seeks to portray the feeling of seclusion in order to emphasize the revelations that expose the protagonists’ true emotions. Another common aspect in both â€Å"Helix† and â€Å"Newlywed† is Yoshimoto’s use of poetic language and literary symbolism in order to develop both her characters and the story with greater depth. Despite that fact that many of the descriptions that she gives on behalf of the narrator are purely physical, and extremely shallow, it is an important aspect of both stories, as it helps lead to the dramatic changes that occur within the protagonists. In â€Å"Newlywed† for example, when the beautiful woman on the train asks the narrator about his wife, the first description that he gives, is purely physical: â€Å"She’s short, and slender, and has long hair. And her eyes are real narrow, so she looks like she’s smiling, even when she’s angry.† (Newlywed, 6) These superficial descriptions may be attributed to the fact that the narrator was in a â€Å"drunken state†, yet clearly depict him as a man that is not madly in love with his wife. By contrast, the poetic imaging in â€Å"Helix† reveals a man that is clearly in love with his girlfriend. Even near the beginning of the story, when he is expressing his feelings of uncertainty toward his relationship, he still gives this poetic illustration of his girlfriend: â€Å"She was like an evening moon, her white light almost swallowed by the gradations of pale blue sky.† (Helix, 651) This beautiful poetic image of his girlfriend is surprising to the reader, as he had just explained that he was having difficulty overcoming her idiosyncrasies. This dramatization brings the reader to the realization that the protagonist’s stream of consciousness narration is very unpredictable, yet will ultimately lead to his ability to expose his true feelings as the story develops. The author clearly likes to represent this feeling of indecision with poetic illustration as it is used several times in both stories. In â€Å"Newlywed†, the narrator vividly describes his mixed feelings toward his wife, Atsuko, during the peak of his epiphany-like experience: â€Å"For me, the beautiful, all-encompassing web spun by this creature is at once so polluted, yet so pure that I feel compelled to grab on to it. I am terrified by it but find myself unable to hide from it. At some point I have been caught up in the magical power she has.† (Newlywed, 16) Banana doesn’t strictly limit her poetic language to the story’s character development; she also uses it to depict specific moods in order to contextualize certain situations that shake up the intensity of the story itself. Coincidentally, in both â€Å"Helix† and â€Å"Newlywed†, the feeling of isolation is commonly portrayed throughout both stories with the unique use of grandiose language. This allows the protagonists to avoid any outside distractions that would interfere with the personal situations that they have to deal with. Tokyo is described as being a ghost town at the beginning of â€Å"Helix†, for example. â€Å"There was not a soul on the dark streets, save the autumn wind. I encountered this emptiness at every moonlit corner I turned†. (Helix, 651) Clearly unusual in a city like Tokyo, Yoshimoto is almost desperately taking this context to the extreme in an attempt to add an element of absurdity to the situation, and maintain a clear line of focus on the protagonist and his continuous train of thought. In â€Å"Newlywed†, she uses the same strategic language to create a context of solitude in order isolate the protagonist: â€Å"I looked around to see if anyone else had witnessed this amazing transformation, but the passengers in the neighboring cars seemed miles away, in a totally different space, separated by a transparent wall, all looking just as tired as they had moments before, indifferent to my surprise.† (Newlywed, 4) The language that Yoshimoto uses is not only unique, but allows the reader to fully contextualize themselves within the story, and fully comprehend the conscious and unconscious struggles within each story’s protagonist. The use of helper figures is another way that the author both challenges and exposes the protagonists. The most evident helper figure from both stories is the seemingly god-like character that transformed from a homeless man to a beautiful woman in â€Å"Newlywed†. The interpretation of this symbolic figure is entirely left to the reader’s imagination, yet its crucial role in the storyline and to the protagonist’s character development is indisputable. This peculiar intervention is a clear example of how far Yoshimoto is willing to go to force her characters to express their thoughts. At first, it is difficult to process what the narrator is depicting; yet as the story develops, we quickly learn that this character has a specific purpose to act as catalyst to the protagonist’s epiphany-like reflection about his life, specifically in relation to marriage. After opening up to this woman about his life, he explains how he felt about what he had experienced on the train that night: â€Å"Deep inside, I felt timid, even scared, not about my own drunkenness or fear that my mind was playing tricks on me, but the more basic sensation of encountering something much larger than myself, and feeling immeasurably small and insignificant by comparison†. (Newlywed, 12) From this, the reader is able to see that this man is clearly having a life changing experience that is allowing him to re-evaluate the major aspects of his life, including his relationship. This helper figure to the protagonist allowed him to bring out the subconscious struggles that seemed to weigh on him throughout the story. On the other hand, â€Å"Helix† presents multiple helper figures, some seeming as random and arbitrary as that of â€Å"Newlywed† and similarly allows the protagonist to truthfully evaluate and ultimately expose how he feels about the woman that he loves. The first helper figure that seems to startle the narrator does not take the form of a person, but rather a situational mind-cleansing seminar that his girlfriend brings to the table. She explains, â€Å"I guess that’s the chance you take if you go to one of these sessions. You might even end up forgetting things that seemed really important to you, things you don’t want to forget†. (Helix, 652) This seminar quickly becomes a euphemism for breaking up in the mind of the narrator, and his response, â€Å"don’t go†, unconsciously shows his fear of losing her. This ultimately shifts the dynamic of the story as he had previously inferred his desire to break up with his girlfriend at the beginning of the story. Yoshimoto also inserts a random explosion near the end of â€Å"Helix† as the lovers discuss their love for each other. Much like most of the random events that present themselves in her stories, there is a deeper meaning below what we see at the surface. This strange intervention that causes people to â€Å"[poor] into the [empty] streets from every doorway† (Helix, 654) encapsulates the unpredictability that is portrayed throughout the story, and through the narrator’s stream of consciousness narration. This ultimately leads the story to end on a note of misunderstanding and confusion surrounding the protagonist’s comparison of love to the helix of a strand of DNA. The interventions are not only incorporated to reveal and expose the true feelings of each protagonist, but also change the dynamic of each story and help maintain a feeling of unpredictability toward the narratives themselves, as well as the unreliability of the protagonists.

The Purpose,Scope and Context of Interprofessional Collaboration Essay

The Purpose,Scope and Context of Interprofessional Collaboration - Essay Example   This paper is a personal learning and reflection of this health service provider about interprofessional education, collaboration and working while working with teammates. This interprofessional collaboration is happening among professionals, organizations, service users, carers and communities. The association of health providers work over critical matters on education, health and social care to deliver the necessary quality services to improve peoples’ quality of lives and for healthier communities. Among the many concerns they dealt are issues on nutrition, public health, policies, medical standards, medication of all illnesses or on the need to strategize development to better social services in complementation of health responses to communities. Consideration of the nature of communication within health & social care teams.   Communication is fundamental interaction and in nurturing understanding between the management, health providers, and with the patients. Peopl e who are seeking medical attention came from varied experiences, places, and bear different kinds of illnesses and thus, it is important that all of these are communicated so that the contexts, causes and surrounding circumstances of a case can be understood. From this study it is clear that appropriate medical remedies can only be provided when health cases are clear from all vantages. Communication also strengthens positive relation with co-workers and with management, especially in managing changes and health reform program . In fact, people will only come to understand hospital’s goals and programs by imparting and receiving communication. Moreover, work relations can only be understood through communication. This can be done either formally and informally; verbal or written; recited or in a journal; online or via telephone; by facial expression or by symbol; and by raising a picture or by simple touch. It’s aimed at bridging gaps, resolving issues, bringing toget her all partners for a meeting, and drawing all stakeholders to specific goals or in delving on issues though evaluations and monitoring. Sometimes communications bring along with it some misunderstanding because human beings, as social persons, exchange ideas in foreign language, in a jargon, in emotional distress, or in cultural differences.  

BIOMECHANICAL FORCES ACTING ON ELBOW( A STATIC ANALYSIS) Essay

BIOMECHANICAL FORCES ACTING ON ELBOW( A STATIC ANALYSIS) - Essay Example Meanwhile, a force is an effect on a certain body which changes its shape or motion. The elbow transforms shearing, compressional, and rotational forces into a normal motion. During flexion, the arm is bent, the pressure forces that moves along the elbow joint shift forces from the humerus to the ulna. Under extension, on the contrary, the applied forces run along the radius and the humerus, with the arm straightly open. The elbow displaces such forces largely through the muscles and ligaments that absorb and disperse stresses. Since the surface area of the ulna is bigger than that of the radial head, the ulna contributes lesser force per unit area as compared to the humerus. In addition, to avoid bone strain absorption, the elbow articular cartilages acts as a buffer between the bones. In the event that the cartilage is forced to absorb great stress for various times, the stress flattens out the cartilage and will eventually result to early wearing. Basically, the elbow is considered as a hinge joint with a single degree of freedom. However, its anatomical structure necessitates the inclusion of the articulations along with the radius and ulna. Thus, the elbow is best treated as having a mechanism of a two degree freedom that supports the supination/pronation of the forearm and the extension/flexion of the elbow. In terms of internal structure, the three synovial joints, along with subtle interactions, are radio-ulnar, humero-ulnar, and humero-radial. The humero-radial joint is of prime interest because of the combination of relative motions that occur therein: the axial rotation that involves in the forearm supination/pronation and the elbow flexion accompanying the ulna (Lockard 2006, p. 72). Flexion/extension moments are produced by the muscles that act over the elbow join, including brachioradialis, brachialis, triceps, and biceps brachii. While pronation is achieved through the muscles in the forearm, pronator quadratus,

Handmaids Tale - Basic Response Essay Example for Free

Handmaids Tale Basic Response Essay One of the ways in which The Handmaid’s Tale creates opportunities to respond is through its discussion and exploration of a dystopian society. A dystopian society is often characterised as a futuristic setting with oppressive societal control and elements of totalitarianism. The Handmaid’s Tale is set in the futuristic Republic of Gilead and a way in which Atwood has chosen to display a dystopian society is through creating a sense that the citizens of Gilead are under constant surveillance, a characteristic of dystopian literature. This can be shown through the reoccurring motif of â€Å"the eye. † The eye motif symbolises the eternal watchfulness of god and the totalitarian state with its recurrence creating a sense that citizens of Gilead are constantly being surveyed. This is shown as Offred states â€Å"to be seen-to be seen- is to be- her voice trembled-penetrated. † The use of repetition and italicise of the word ‘seen’ is used to highlight the fact that individuals don’t want to be seen, creating an ominous presence of control and threat through the constant watching. Another way The Handmaid’s Tale creates opportunities to respond in relation to its dystopian reading is in its discussion of citizens in fear of the outside world. This fear is shown through the presence of â€Å"The Wall. † The wall serves as a symbolic barrier separating Gilead from the outside world and also emphasising the existence of the totalitarian state and its allusion of a perfect world. This meaning is shown as the wall is described to have â€Å"barbed wire along the bottom and broken glass set in concrete along the top. Visual imagery here is used to create fear of the outside world through the literal and metaphorical barrier the wall represents. It is also important to note that the value of Atwood’s text is evident in the way it is a cautionary novel, designed to provide a reflection and thus provide commentary on the potential for 21st century society to adopt these extremes. Therefore the novels exploration of elements of dystopian society including the perceived surveillance of citizens and fear of the outside world creates opportunities to respond to The Handmaid’s Tale in relation to its comments about dystopian society, making it valuable. Even though the totalitarian regime has been destroyed, Atwood warns us that governments can still exploit woman. In the Historical Notes, it is concerning how Professor Pieixoto states, â€Å"No new system can impose itself upon a previous one without incorporating many of the elements to be found in the latter. † This implies that selected characteristics of the dystopian Gilead Republic will be adopted by a new government. Another way in which The Handmaid’s Tale creates opportunities to respond is through its complex interpretation from a feminist perspective. This is shown within the novel as the Handmaid’s bodies are used for procreation, their sexual freedom has been denied. This is seen through the constant discussion of fertility with Offred often belittling herself and her body to be used, â€Å"we are like containers, it’s only the insides of our bodies that are important. The outside can become hard †¦ like the shell of a nut. † Here a simile is used to continue to degrade and dehumanise Offred through equating her to a simple â€Å"nut,† an empty being, only valued for her fertility. Also the way in which women are used for procreation is shown through the motif of red, â€Å"a nondescript woman in red,† with women here further dehumanised to â€Å"nondescript† beings. The motif of red is used to represent fertility. The way females are often referred to as red throughout the text highlights how the Handmaids’ sole purpose within the society of Gilead is to procreate, demonstrating once again how females within the society are only valued for their bodies. In regards to a feminist interpretation, male dominance is also presented throughout the novel through the discussion of sterile- this is again italicised to emphasise its effect relating to a feminist viewpoint as males don’t go to colonies yet females do highlighting gender inequality. The inclusion of these elements discusses a range of feminist concerns allowing it to be interpreted in a myriad of different ways, increasing its value. The Handmaid’s Tale furthermore creates opportunities to respond through its inclusion of post-modern elements thus making it valuable. The novel can be read from a post-modern perspective as Atwood uses self- reflexivity as a means of questioning what is truth. This is shown when Offred admits, â€Å"This is a reconstruction, all of it is a reconstruction. It’s a reconstruction now, in my head. † The use of repetition, â€Å"reconstruction† creates emphasis and awareness of how the story Offred tells is only fractured pieces of the story, taken apart and put back together. Atwood here is trying to make her reader’s question if what is being said is true; implying that not everything read is necessarily true. This post-modern analysis which believes in the existence of multiple truths can be further seen through Offred’s narration shown as she questions â€Å"you want the best for her. Don’t you? † Here metafiction is used as Offred directly communicates with the audience, presenting an element of post- modern literature. From a post-modern interpretation the truthfulness of Offred’s singular narration is questionable accentuated when she consciously reinstates, â€Å"I don’t want to be telling this story. † This highlights how her narration could be subjected bias rather than truth. Thus The Handmaid’s Tale can be interpreted from a post-modern perspective making it valuable as this is one of the many ways it can be responded to. In conclusion it is through the different ways to respond to Margaret Atwood’s novel, The Handmaid’s Tale that the text possesses value. These responses are generated in relation to dystopian, feminist and post-modern interpretations that the novel discusses. Each of these comments on 21st century society and encourage audiences to respond to their own society in different ways making the text valuable.

Beardless Children :: Arthurian Legends English Literature Essays

Beardless Children Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is considered to be one of the finest Arthurian romances in English. Unfortunately, the 14th-century author of the epic remains unknown. The poem describes a common game at the time the "Beheading Game," which turns out to be a great physical as well as moral challenge to the main character, Sir Gawain. The passage (130-202) of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight describes the appearance of a strange knight in King Arthur's court. The anonymous author of the epic describes the rider in great detail, emphasizing the importance of this character. The passage is intended to arouse readers' curiosity, and at the same time, to introduce the mighty danger that the main character, Sir Gawain, will have to face. Furthermore, the strange knight is shown to be a test or trial for King Arthur and his knights. Finally, the passage presents the actual dynamics of Arthur's court as incompatible with the poet's initial praising of nobility, justice and chivalric ideals. The Green Knight is clearly a magical figure. This strange rider is of green hue, and he is riding a green horse. Physically, the knight is presented as strong and of a great size: From broad neck to buttocks so bulky and thick, And his loins and his legs so long and so great, Half a giant on earth I hold him to be...(138 - 140). The author gives these characteristics to the character for a reason. Possibly, the author aims to arouse interest of the readers or to emphasize the danger that Sir Gawain is about to face. However, at this point of the story, the reader is unaware of the true identity of the Green Knight, which makes it more exciting to read the poem. The passage describes the great festivities in King Arthur's court during the celebration of Christmas. And already Arthur is portrayed behaving childishly, when he refuses to eat unless he hears an entertaining story: But Arthur would not eat till all were served; So light was his lordly heart, and a little boyish; And also a point of pride pricked him in heart, For he nobly had willed, he would never eat.